CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Age of Industrialization MCQs

Read the following paragraph and answer the following
By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piecegoods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old India and the Contemporary World 122 ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed.

Question. How did the Swadeshi movement affect the iindustrialisation in India?
Answer : Swadeshi movement encouraged the production of good within India and persuaded the people to boycott foreign goods.

Question. What were the items demanded from Indian factories at the time of World War I?
Answer : Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items.

Question. “By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization in India.Support the statement
Answer : 1.Swadeshi and Boycott movement
2.World War I

Short Answers Type Questions

Question. What was the result of First World War on Indian industries?
Answer : First World War gave a great boost to the Indian Industries because of the following reasons
1. The British mills became busy with the production of War materials so all its exports to India virtually stopped.
2. Suddenly Indian mills got clearance to produce different articles for the home market.
3. The Indian factories were called upon to supply various war related material like- Jute bags, clothes for uniforms, tents and leather boots for the forces and so on.

Question. Who was a jobber? Explain his functions.
Answer : Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits. Very often the jobber was an old and trusted worker.
1. He got people from his village ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in time of crisis.
2. Jobbers became persons with authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for the favor he did and started controlling the lives of workers.

Question. What were the problems of Indians weavers at the early 19th century?
Answer : 1. Shortage of raw material – as raw cotton exports from India increased the price of raw cotton shot up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.
2. Clashes with Gomasthas- the Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays insupply. So the weavers clashed with them.
3. System of Advances- The Britishers started the system of advances to regularizes the supply.
The weavers eagerly took the advances in a hope to earn more but they failed to do so. They even started loosing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated.

Question. What does the picture indicate on the famous book ‘Dawn of the century’?
Answer : 1. There is an angle of progress, bearing the flag of the new century and is gently perched on a wheel with wings symbolizing time.
2. The fight is taking into the future.
3. Floating about behind her are the sign of progress- Railway, Camera,Machines, Printing press and factory.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Explain the main features of Proto – Industrialization?
Answer : Main features of Proto Industrialization-
1. Production was not based on factories.
2. Large scale home based production for international market.
3. Merchants move to country side and supplied money for artisans to produced for international market.
4. It provided alternative source of income.
5. Income from pro-industrial production supplemented their shrinking income from.
6. Helped in fuller use of their family labour resources.
7. Close relationship.

Question. How did the British market expanded their goods in India?
Answer : 1. Advertisement of product – Advertisement make products appear desirable and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs. During the industrial age, advertisements have played a major role in expanding the market for products.
2. Putting labels on the cloths bundles – The labels was needed to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‘MADE IN MANCHESTER’ written in bold on a label. They would feel confident about buying the cloths.
3. Images of Indian Gods gave approval to the goods being sold. Images of Krishna and Saraswati was intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land appear somewhat familiar to the Indian People.
4. Printing Calendars to popularizes their products unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They were hung in the tea shops and in poor people’s homes, just as much as in offices and in middle class houses.

Question. ‘The Industrial Revolution was a mixed Blessing.’ Explain?
Answer : Blessing of the Industrial Revolution –
1. Production by machines has met the growing need of the growing population of the world.
2. Only machines have made it possible for the mankind to meet the primary necessities of food, cloths and shelter
3. Machines have relieved man of the drudgery of tiring and unpleasant jobs.
4. Machines have brought more leisure. Harmful effects of Industrial Revolution1. The industrial Revolution shattered the rural life by turning the farmers into landless labourers.
2. Rural unemployment forced the unemployed farmers to migrate to cities in search of jobs
3. The cities became overcrowded and many problems of insanitation and housing arose.
4. The industrial Revolution gave birth to imperialism

Question. Why the system of advances proved harmful for the weavers?
Answer : 1. No chance of bargaining – The weavers lost any chance of bargaining.
2. Leasing of land – most of the weavers had to lease out the land and devote all their time to weaving.
3. Dependency for food on others – most of the weavers after loosing their land became dependent on other for the food supplies.
4. Clashes with Gomasthas – Gomasthas acted arrogantly, marched into villages with police and punished weavers for delay in supply